Bővebb ismertető
Introduction
There seems little doubt that Shakespeare wrote Twelfth Night to be performed at Whitehall on Twelfth Night 1600-1. The play has all the customary devices for such an entertainment, when order was suspended and affairs given temporarily over to the Lord of Misrule. Following tradition the play includes disguise, mistaken identity, dangers that can never be accepted seriously however perilous, love-sickness, an interlude, the mocking of authority, tippling, song, clowning, combat. But this is no more than the specified recreation round which Shakespeare wrote page upon page of the most brilliant word-play, with the implications of a sentence endlessly doubled and reflected. And beyond this, the atmosphere of the play, with its exquisite feelings and elaborate conversation completely suits an entertainment designed for Queen Elizabeth herself. Neither the humour nor the sentiment in Twelfth Night is ever common. The miracle is that it so triumphantly avoids being precious. The dramatist looks at manners with an eye that is understanding but unimpressed.
The occasion of the first performance of the play is reconstructed by Leslie Hotson in fascinating detail in The First Night of Twelfth Night. The Queen was entertaining Virginio Orsino, Duke of Bracciano, 'the most brilliant nobleman of his day,' and for reasons of policy Elizabeth was determined to impress. Part of the festivities of the season was a new play, probably commissioned for the occasion, and staged in the Great Hall ofWhitehall Palace. Moreover, it seems to be a compliment to an illustrious guest rather than a coincidence that Shakespeare gives his Duke of Illyria the name Orsino. Apparently enjoying a status equal to the Duke himself in the play is Olivia, a name often associated with the Queen, because of its suggestion of the olives of peace.
Leslie Hotson goes through other names, giving each an identity appropriate to Whitehall on Twelfth Night, and above all sees in Malvoho a sadly ridiculous reflection of Sir William Knollys, Lord Knollys, the Queen's first cousin. Comptroller of her Household, a