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Sir Arthur Conan Doyle
Conan Doyle, born in 1859, was a doctor of medicine. He had a very keen mind, rather like that of his most famous character, Sherlock Holmes. Doyle's first story about Holmes, A Study in Scarlet, appeared in a magazine in 1887.
After 1890, Conan Doyle stopped practising medicine and became a full-time writer. More and more Sherlock Holmes stories appeared in magazines and were collected in books like The Memoirs of Sherlock Holmes (1894). Sherlock Holmes was also the subject of four full-length novels. The best-known of these is probably The Hound of the Baskervilles (1902), which has been made into films and television stories several times.
Perhaps the character, Sherlock Holmes, developed over the years, but from the beginning the detective had unusual powers of reasoning and deduction. There are examples in this book. In The Speckled Band Holmes deduces that danger will come through a ventilator and down a bell rope. In The Five Orange Pips he deduces that the murderers are on a sailing ship, and he finds the actual ship by reasoning from sailing dates. In The Crown of Diamonds, Holmes's powers of deduction lead him to the man who has the missing diamonds, and to an understanding of the behaviour of the innocent son.
Holmes's friend. Doctor Watson, is not a fool (though some films have made him seem foolish), but he is an ordinary man without Holmes's special powers of mind.