Muret-Sanders Encyklopädisches Englisch-Deutsches und Deutsch-Englisches Wörterbuch I-II. [antikvár]

Dormort. jer 6et ber frcmbfprat^üc^ett Softürc ein SBöi'ter= 6ud^ äu 3iate jieljt, ennartct, barin boä 6c» treffenbe SBort in feiner fpejictte« Sebciitung ju finben, nnb jirat ft^netl unb teic[;t ju finben. ®al)er mußten Bei bet SBearßeitnng biefer §anbs unb 6cr)u(=2tuäßa[ie ftctä ima igauptfragcn in S8etrad;t gejogen roerben: 1. äBoä ift auä bem (Sefamtfprad; ci;aie ber ©rojjen aiitagaOe ouääuroiitjieii? unb 2. SBie i t baä aiuggemäljlte äu Dcrteilen unb aujucrbnett? SBaä nun bie erfte !Jrage Betrifft, fo finb für baä uorliegenbe SBörterBucT; alte btejenigeii Sßövtec unb SBenbimgen aii§gcn)är;(t morben, n)e[cf;e in bem heutigen ®ngltfc§ allgemein geBräud^iic^ finb, unb oon feltenen ober »eralteten Sinöbrücteu fotc^e, bie etroa noc^ in bet Sc^ullettiire unb Befonberä in @r;atefpcarc's Svamen oortommen. Sa etfa[)rung§mäjjig maitdfieg aug bem Cant unb Slang fomie nianctjer 33ulgnti§mu§ unb ißroi)inäia(i§miig in bie SRomanliitetotur unb namentlich in bie Sprache bet ßeitungen üBei'get)t, fo entijiilt biefeä SBBrterßuc^ eine reiche MiiSroa^I folc^er 2tu§btii(ie. Sluä natjeiiegenben ©rünben finb ouc^ 2lmerifani§men unb angtosinbifc^e äBörter 6etücift(^tigt raorben. ®iele @igen= iiamen ^aBen bet Sluäfptad^e roegen SCufnafjme gefunben. Sefonbere Seac^tung ift ben ffietßen gefcljentt roorben; benn oon bet richtigen (gtfaffung unb SBiebergaBc be§ 35ct66egtiffä iiängt meift ber ©inn be§ ganjen ©a^e§ ab. ®ai)et finb bie Slttifel üBer bie SetBen bie reic^» (jaltigften; bie »erfdjiebenartigen SBebeutungeit finb burd; meljrete finnDevroanbte SätugbriiciEe ober butc^ S5eifptelfä|e mögiic^ft genau Beftimmt. ^"iltt^id; finb au(5 bie Siet« fpiele tu ben Sittitein üBet bie ^mpofitionen; übtigenä ift Bei ben einjetnen SSetBen unb Stbjettiuen äugteid) bie präpofitionale Sioftion Jinjugefügt. äUe SJotjüge, bie bet ©ro^en 2IuggaBe in Bet» teilung unb Slnotbnung beä ©toffeä eigen finb, finb auc^ bet §anbä unb @c|uI»3iu§gaBe geiualjtt geBIieBen. i)iett)et gefjört bie 2IngnBe bet &;nom)men, bet $omo« ntimen, bet.äliiton^men, bet ©t^mologie, bet Befonbeten, am guge einet jeben «Seite ertlärten Bilblic^en S^itfK"/ — roaä aUeä jur genaueren geftfteHung be§ SBorts Begriffs Beiträgt. ®er größte SBotjug aBer ift bie ^u0r)ttritdt«-^e;e{d)nuui;, bet etioaS ©leic^mertigeä jut 3cit nic^t an bie ©eite gefteKt roetbeii Ifann. Seine 2ttt ber 2iu§fptac|e=S8eäetchnung »etanfc^aulidfit bie Cluantität unb bie !Qualität ber ©ilBen bem Stiige fo einfach i" f'ar wie biejenige nach ©»«ÜTttint-ganeenrdjetittM)«)! Sßeitete SSotjüge beg Sliuretfchen SSötterßucheg finb: Bringt, entgegen ben meiften anbeten, feine gefonberten ®etjeichniffe bet Sigcnnamen unb bet älBfiitäungeii, fonbern al(c§ fte^t an feinet alpijabetifchen ©tcHe; bie ?ufammenieliingcn fjaBeu fämttich i^ten eigenen Sitelfopf; bie oeifchicbcnen ?lBftufungen iu bet Sebeutung bet fflövtet finb bou» eiiuuibet burd) ©ebanieuftticle getrennt unb mit fort» laufenben Siffetn ober ®ud;ftaBen »etfer;en, unb bie ettäutcrnben S8cifpielfä|e ober Sfflenbuugen fteljen meift Beifammen unter^alB bet cinjetnen Sttifet, — alTeS ®inge, bie jroat baé SBörtetBuch umfangreicher gemocht, bafüt aBet unenb(id) Biet jut Surchfii^tigteit beg ©anjen Beigetragen íjaBen. Jíur in feht Beteinjelten gällen, iBo eä für ein ©chu[ = fflőttet6uch ptafti'cher ju fein fehlen, ift Bon ber ©inrichtung bet @to|;en StuggaBe aBgeirichen »otben. äln erftet Stelle eineg i?bm ätttitelg fteht in bet Siegel bie §auptBebcutung, bie aBer nicht immer jugteich bie ©runbBebeutung ift; etniaige uet« aftete, aBet bem ©t^mon nähet tiegenbe ®ebeutungen finb oft ganj geftrichen ober weiter an ben ©chiu§ gefegt. ®ie beutfd;en Söötter äeigen natüriich auch in biefer SuggaBe unfere ©chuI'Drthographie; jeboch ift bet älugfptache roegen, namentli^ mit Siücificht auf Stiiglänber, Bielfach Bon Sinbeftrichen foroie Bei gremb» roijttetn Bon bem Siccent alg geidjen bet Setonung ©eBtauch gemacht. ®ie ffietroeifungen butch ® Big ® auf bie in bet Einleitung enthaltenen „SIBgefonberten S8e» metfungen" üBer englifche fionjugntion unb ©djroanfun» gen in bet engtifchen Drthographis nnb Stugfprai^e finb auch fi'»-' ^iefe SluggaBe alg etforbetlich, bie augfühtlidje SlngaDe üBet englifche unb ametitanifche TOa^e, ©ewichte unb aJiüuäen auf ©eiteXXBiáXXIV alg tuünfchenguiert Beiaffen roorben. 2H(gemeine Semertungen üBer bie innere ®tntid;tung beg ffietfeg ftehen auf Seite XVI. aiufrichtiget ®ani geBührt alten benen, bie jut gettigftcHung biefer ?[uSgaBe Beigetragen haBen: ä»' nächft bem igertn Sßtofcffot ©oi;le, bet unermiiblich faft Big ä" feinem Xobe ben üBettetd^en Stoff hat fichten helfen; ferner ben §etten S. Stattner, ©ruuoro, St. ©uftmann, g. Äoerfet, ©toBBe unb ip. ganbet Bon bet Sangenfcheibtfchen Siuct» legunggiBatte, bie fich butch ihre Unterftü|iing Bei ben Äortetturen unb bet 3ícBÍfion um bie 3iichttgfcit unb ©euauigteit roohl Betbient gemacht haBen; enblich, boch nicht jum minbeften, ben fetten SBetlegetn, bie iu bem löBlichen SSeftreBen, ihten ehteuBollen 5iamen unb guten 3iuf aufrecht ju ethalten, ni^t bie ungeheuren ©elbopfet fd;cuten, bie ein ffiett roie „a)iutet=(ganbcrg" etforbert. Setbet ift eg bem geiftigen UtheDet beg ©anjen, bom ?ertn ^tofeffot ©. Sangenf cheibt, nid;t setgBnnt geiBefen, bag gtojje SöerE Bollenbet ju fehcn, an bem et mit ganjet ©eele hi>'8- SJiogen bie ©tfolge beä Untetnehmenä ben gcroaltigen 3lufiranb an TOihe unb Selb roenigfteng einigermaßen Belohnen! Serlin, im SeptemBet 1897. iä. Jifaíf. A. PREFACE. He who, in reading a book, looks for a word in his dictionary, naturally hopes to find that word in the sense in which it occurs in the book, and hopes also to find it quickly and easily. Thus, in reducing the Unabridged Edition of Muret-Sanders to dimensions more suitable to the requirements of schools and of the ordinary reader, two principal points were constantly to be borne in mind: 1) To retain the more and exclude the less necessary items of the vocabulary, and 2) So to arrange what has been retained, that it may be found with the least possible expenditure of time and trouble. As to the first point, care has been taken in the present abridgment to retain all the words and phrases in common use at the present day, and also those terms which, though rare or obsolete, may yet occur in school-reading and, especially, in Shakespeare's dramas. As cant and slang terms, as well as vulgarisms and provincialisms, occasionally creep into the written language, especially in the case of novels and newspapers, numbers of such expressions have been embodied in this dictionary, and, in addition to them, from obvious reasons, a great many Americanisms and Anglo-Indian words. Proper names, too, have been inserted, where their form or pronunciation render it desirable. Great attention has been given to the verbs ; for on the Just conception and exact rendering of the verb often depends the sense of a whole sentence. The verbs, therefore, have been elaborated with special care, every shade of meaning being defined either by synonymous words or explanatory sentences. The prepositions, too, are elucidated by numerous examples, and verbs and adjectives will be found accompanied by indications of the prepositions which they govern. All the advantages peculiar fo the Unabridged Edition in the distribution and arrangement of the matter are preserved in the present dictionary, such, for istance, as the indication of synonyms, homonyms, and antonyms, the etymology, the peculiar pictured signs explained at the bottom of each page, — things which all contribute to the exact understanding of the words. A principal merit of Muret's dictionary is its Phonctlc Kespelling', which stands unrivalled, even at the present day. Indeed, no system of respelling makes the quantity and quality of syllables so clear to the eye, and so intelligible to Germans, as that of Toussaint-Langeuscheidt. Other merits that Muret's dictionary can Justly claim are the following: unlike most other dictionaries, it gives no separate lists of proper names or abbreviations, but everything is to be found in its proper alphabetical place; compounds have their own headings; the different meanings of the words are separated from each other by dashes, and marked with running numbers or letters; the illustrative phrases and quotations will, for the most part, be found grouped together after all the other particulars concerning the word in question. All these details have, it is true, made the book somewhat voluminous, but, on the other hand, they have greatly increased its general perspicuity. The present edition, which is, above all, intended as a book for schools, deviates in its arrangements but little from the Unabridged Edition, and only where some other arrangement seemed more advisable for a school-book. The first place under each heading has generally been given to the most important signification, which is, of coursé, not always the jDrimari/ sense of the word; obsolete meanings nearer to the etymon, when given at all, have been placed last. The German words are spelt according to the orthography taught in German schools, but, for the special benefit of non-German readers, frequent use has been made of the hyphen and, in German words of non-German extraction, of the sign of accentuation. The references by &c. to the Detached Observations at the beginning of the book, concerning English conjugation, or fluctuations in orthography and pronunciation, have been considered as necessary, the tables of British and American measures, weights, and coins, as desirable, also for this edition. For general remarks on the interior arrangement of the work see p. XVI. * t if Sincerest thanks must be given to all who contributed to the composition of this dictionary: especially to Professor Boyle, who, till within a short time of his death, helped, in an indefatigable manner, to sift the too copious matter of the Unabridged Edition; likewise to the gentlemen employed in the publisher's office: Messrs. Chas. Blattnek, E. Grunow, A. Gustmann, J. Kobrfek, B. Stobbe, and P. Zander, who, by their kind assistance in reading the proofs, have done their utmost to ensure the correctness and exactness of the work; and, last but not least, to the publishers themselves, who, laudably desirous to uphold their honourable name and reputation, have not grudged the expenditure of the vast sums required for such a work as Muret-Sanders. But alas i the intellectual author of the whole. Professor G. Langenscheidt, was not permitted to see the completion of his great work, a work which lay so near his heart. May success crown his great enterprise, and repay, in some measure at least, the enormous expenditure of labour and money bestowed upon the work! Berlin, September 1897. B. KLATT.