Cutting Edge - Upper Intermediate - Mini-Dictionary [antikvár]

Welcome to the Cutting Edge l\/lini-dictionary\ The Mini-dictionary has been written using the same principles we use to produce standard general dictionaries like the Longman Dictionary of Contemporary Englisi^ and the Longman Active Study Dictionary. Just as in a full-size dictionary, there is all the information you need about pronunciation, grammar, style and meaning, with clear example sentences to show the words in context. The big difference is that the Mini-dictionary only includes words and meanings that appear somewhere in Cutting Edge Students' Book or on the Class Cassette. This makes it a quick and easy way of finding out more about the words you meet in the book. • What information does the Mini-dictionary provide? - definitions written in a simple, strictly-controlled defining vocabulary - pronunciations in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) - full information about grammar and the way words combine with each other, using a very simple system - guidance on style, showing which words are formal, technical, informal, etc. - useful advice about common errors and how to avoid them, based on information from the Longman Learners' Corpus - information about words with similar and opposite meanings - example sentences showing words in real contexts - many of them based on material in Cutting Edge itself • Which words and meanings does the Mini-dictionary include? The Mini-dictionary explains all the vocabulary used in Cutting Edge Students' Book, with the following exceptions: - it does not include very simple words in English, which you are sure to know already. So you will not find entries for words like house, big, car or want in the Mini-dictionary - it does not include meanings which are not used in Cutting Edge Students' Book. For example, if you look up the word arrange in the Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English, you will see that it has three different meanings. But if you look it up in the Mini-dictionary, you will find just one meaning - and that is the meaning which is used in the Students' Book. - it does not include words used in the Teacher's Resource Book or in instructions to exercises in the Students' Book. • How does the Mini-dictionary deal with grammar? - every word in the Mini-dictionary is given a 'word-class label' to show whether it is a noun, an adjective, etc. These are the abbreviations we use: adj adjective u verb adu adverb phr u phrasal verb n noun prep preposition - every noun and verb gets an extra 'code' to show whether it is countable or uncountable, transitive or intransitive: n C countable noun (e.g. car park) n Ü uncountable noun (e.g. innocence) Ü I intransitive verb (e.g. fall) u T transitive verb (e.g. persuade) - common grammar patterns are also shown in bold type in the example sentences: advise /sd'vaiz/ u T to give someone advice about what ttiey should do: Steue's doctor __SLdoised ttim to t^ike more exercise. You may also like to refer to other monolingual dictionaries. We recommend the Longman Dictionary of Lontemporary English and the Longman Actiuator for students of an intermediate level and above. abandon /a'baendan/ u T to stop doing sometliing because it has become too difficult: They had to abandon the rescue because of bad weather. abbey /'aebi/ nC a very large Christian church, especially one where monks or nuns {= men or women who live together in a religious community) live or used to live abortion /3'bo;pn/ n C, U a medical operation to stop a baby from developing inside a woman's body abseil /aebseil/ u I to go down a mountain, rock etc by sliding down a rope that is attached to something higher up CThe American word for this is rappel. absolutely /'aebs3lu;tli, ,«bs9iu:tli/ adu completely: It's absolutely impossible to find anything in here! absurdly /3b's3;dli, sb'z3:dli/ adu in a way that does not seem sensible or reasonable: The prices in that restaurant are absurdly high. absorb /ab'zo:b/ u T if something absorbs a liquid, substance, or gas, it takes it into itself: The Earth absorbs heat from the Sun. abuse /a'bju:z/ u T to use something in the wrong way or for a bad purpose: Companies shouldn't abuse animals to try out their products. accent /'aeksnt/ n C the way that people from different countries or different areas of a country pronounce the words in a language: I could tell from her accent that she came from Ireland. • a strong German accent access /aekses/ n CJ have access to 1 to have the opportunity to use something: Do you have access to the Internet at home? 2 to have the right to see something or to go somewhere: He asked If he could have access to his medical records. accompany /a'kAmpani/ u T to go somewhere with someone: The Prime !Minister's wife accompanied him on his trip to Washington. OAccompany is more formal than go with, according to /s'koidiq tu:/ prep 1 this is what someone says: According to the experts, having lots of friends is good for your health. 2 when something depends on something else or is affected by something else: My mood often changes according to the weather. accordingly /a'ko:diqli/ adu in a way that is suitable for a particular situation: This is a formal occasion and you should dress accordingly. account /a'kaunt/ n C 1 a description or report of something: Witnesses gave the police an account of what happened. 2 when you have an account with a bank, or a bank account, you keep your money there and can use it when you need it. 3 the accounts office or accounts department in a business or organization is the place where records are kept of the money that the organization spends and receives accurate /!ekjurat/ adj completely correct with no mistakes: Is your watch accurate? • an accurate news report accuse /3'kju:z/ u T to say publicly that someone has done something bad or illegal: t^r Grant accused his former business partner of stealing. • No one is accusing you of lying! • Ellis was accused of murder. achieve /3't;i;v/ u T to do something special or difficult by trying very hard: He achieved his ambition of becoming a millionaire before he was 30. Your achievements are the things you have achieved: She is very proud of all her achievements as an athlete. achiever /s'tjiiva'/ n C someone who has achieved a lot or is successful in their job etc: high-achievers {=people who are extremely successfijl) acquaintance /a'kweintans/ n C someone that you know, although he/she is not a close friend act /«kt/ n C a particular thing that someone does: is helping a sick person to die an act of mercy or an act of murder? action-packed /,aekjn 'paekt/ adj full of activity and excitement: an action-packed movie starring Mel Gibson active /'«ktiv/ adj busily involved in an organization or group, so that you are always doing things: an active member of the drama club at university • Mr Lake no longer takes an active part in running the family business. (= is no longer very involved in it) actual /'aektjugl/ adj real, rather than what is expected or imagined: The actual result of the election won't be known until after midnight. actually /'xktjuali/ adu say this when you are giving new or surprising information, or when you are telling someone what is true, rather than what they expected or imagined: Did Dauid actually pay for the drinks? • i'ue already paid the phone bill, i sent a cheque last week actually. • I'm not English, I'm Scottish actually. • I've never actually met Sue. adapt to /3'daept tu:/ phr u T to change the way you behave or think, so that you get used to a new situation: You will soon adapt to living in a hot climate. addict /aedikt/ n C 1 someone who spends a lot of time doing something, and seems unable to stop doing it: Sean is a real television addict. 2 someone who takes harmful drugs and is unable to stop taking them: a heroin addict adjoining /g'dsoiniq/ adj an adjoining room, building etc is next to or connected to another one [formal] admirable /Kdmsrabl/ adj having good or special qualities that you like and respect very much: Her work for charity was admirable. admiration /aedma'reijn/ n (J a feeling of admiring someone: They watched the performance with admiration. advance /ad'va:ns/ n 1 in advance when you do something eariy, so that you will be prepared: if you don't make a reservation in advance, you might not get tickets. 2 adj done before an event happens: I want to make an advance ixoking for Saturday night's show. 3 advances medical, scientific, or technical advances are improvements or new inventions that make things better.