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Introduction X o Design is the Daddy o a p o ^ o 3 This book exists at the Intersection of design and necessity, bringing together what the world has learned about being resourceful in a way that is relevant to modern life. In past generations it was de rigeur to make the most of what you had; in our own time, environmental and economic change Is reviving the "Make Do and Mend" ethos in creative and unexpected ways. This book is not intended to teach you how to tan your tegs with tea bags, but to inspire you to be resourceful in making your home a stylish and practical place to live. From the wisdom of bygone days to innovative ideas from contemporary artists, designers and communities around the world, we have everything we need -if only we know where to look. Mezzadio Stool - Achille and Pier Giacomo Castiglioni r CappiUini Knotted Chair - Marcel Wanders for Droog Designers have been rummaging in bins for as long as there have been bins to rummage in. One of the earliest examples was Achilleand Pier Giacomo Castiglioni's 1957 Mezzadro Stool, which was constructed from a tractor seat. Their use of industrial components had nothing to do with lean times, nor was it an attempt to be environmentally sound. Instead the Castiglionis were proposing a new way of looking at how and by whom objects and furniture were made, and what constituted a valid raw material. Although remaking, recycling and reusing waste is often portrayed as a new trend in contemporary design, "appropriation" is In fact a lasting aesthetic movement that spans at least half a century. As early as 1917 Marcel Duchamp was making art from mass-produced ceramic urinals - just one of many "Readymades" he built throughout his career. Picasso took the appropriation bull by the horns too, with a bovine-Inspired sculpture made from a bicycle seat and handlebars in 1943. Around the same time, Joseph CorneU's fascination with thrift made him one of America's most well-respected twentieth-century artists and sculptors.Heavily influenced by the Surrealists, the New York artist Is best known for his boxed assemblages created from found objects. The idea has also infiltrated the world of architecture, albeit under a slightly different guise. The term "adhocism" was coined by theorist Charles Jencks in 1968 to describe "using an available system or dealing with an existing situation In a new way to solve a problem quickly and efficiently." Adhocism, according to Jencks, was "a method of creation relying particularly on resources which are ready to hand." Democratic by design. Items made in an ad-hoc manner were rarely Intended for mass production, and indeed could be recreated by anyone with similar tools at their disposal. When post-Industrial waste became the material of choice for a whole troop of designer punks in the 1980s, the key driver behind what was by then a fledgling movement had evolved. Reappropriating industrial waste and mass-